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الكرة B.
عندما يتحرك جسم في الاتجاه المعاكس للمحور ، تكون سرعته سالبة. وعندما يتحرك الجسم في اتجاه المحور ، تكون سرعته موجبة. بناءً على اتجاه حركة الكرة وإشارة السرعة في الرسم البياني ، يمكنك تحديد الكرة الموصوفة في الرسم البياني.
في اللحظة التي تبدأ فيها الحركة ، تكون سرعة الكرة الموصوفة في الرسم البياني سالبة ، لأن محور الحركة لأسفل ، وبالتالي فإن الرسم البياني يتوافق مع وصف حركة الكرة التي تم رميها لأعلى. الكرة B.
من أجل عدم الخلط بين الكرات ، يجب عمل مخطط يحتوي على محور الحركة المتجه نحو الأسفل والكرات الثلاث في لحظة بداية حركتها. حسب المعطيات الواردة في السؤال. بعد تحرير الرسم التخطيطي يصبح من السهل الإجابة على السؤال .
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H=100m
الكرة B ، تتحرك من أعلى البرج إلى الأرض ، فهي تتحرك تحت تأثير قوة الجاذبية فقط. حركتها عبارة عن حركة بتسارع ثابت g ، من خلال حركة الكرة B يمكنك معرفة ارتفاع المبنى.
طريقة א': نجد الموقع النهائي للكرة B نسبة لمحور الحركة الذي يبدأ في نقطة رَمْي الكرة ويتجه نحو الأسفل.
قيمة الموقع النهائي بالنسبة لمحور الحركة هذا تساوي ارتفاع المبنى.
طريقة ב': بواسطة التعبير عن مربع السرعات ، يمكنك ايجاد إزاحة الكرة B ، من لحظة رميها حتى لحظة اصطدامها بالأرض. قيمة الازاحة هذه تساوي ارتفاع المبنى.
طريقة ג': تتحرك الكرة B لأعلى إلى نقطة قمة الارتفاع ، ثم تنخفض. في الرسم البياني ، يمكنك إيجاد المسافة التي تقطعها الكرة أثناء صعودها والمسافة التي تقطعها الكرة أثناء هبوطها. المسافة الكلية التي قطعتها الكرة أثناء هبوطها Y2 مطروحًا منها المسافة التي قطعتها الكرة أثناء صعودها Y1 تساوي ارتفاع المبنى H.
نصف هذه المسافات في التخطيط التالي:
في الرسم البياني للسرعة كدالة للزمن ، فإن المساحة المحصورة بين الدالةة ومحور الزمن تساوي المسافة التي يقطعها الجسم في حركته. نجد المسافة Y1 و Y2 من الرسم البياني.
ערך המיקום הסופי ביחס לציר תנועה זה שווה לגובה הבניין.
דרך ב': בעזרת ביטוי ריבוע המהירויות ניתן למצוא את ההעתק תנועת כדור B, מרגע זריקתו ועד שפגע בקרקע.
ערך העתק זה שווה לגובה הבניין.
דרך ג': כדור B נע כלפי מעלה עד לנקודת שיא הגובה , ולאחר מכן הוא יורד כלפי מטה בגרף ניתן למצוא את המרחק עובר הכדור בעלייתו ואת המרחק שעובר הכדור בירידתו . המרחק הכולל שעובר הכדור בירידתו Y1 פחות המרחק שעובר הכדור בעלייתו Y2 שווה לגובה הבניין H.
عند استخدام دالة الموقع كدالة للزمن ومربع السرعات ، يجب أن يكون تسارع الجاذبية موجبًا لأن اتجاه المحور لأسفل. بالإضافة إلى ذلك ، من أجل التعبير عن ارتفاع المبنى بشكل صحيح اعتمادًا على المسافات العمودية ، يجب "فهم" الحركة في الرسم البياني. وقم بعمل رسم تخطيطي مناسب للتعبير عن ارتفاع المبنى.
DFGDFH TH RTJ
RJ RTJ
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ךךוךחיע כע גכעח כח כעיל
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2. תלמידים יודעים שהשטח התחום בגרף מהירות זמן שווה להעתק התנועה, אך זה לא מספיק כדי למצוא את גובה הבניין.
חשוב "לראות " את התנועה בגרף . לערוך תרשים ולבטא את גובה הבניין בתלות במרק העליה ומרחק הירידה.
2. נוח לבחור את ראשית הציר בנקודת הזריקה.
3. תלמידים יודעים שהשטח התחום בגרף מהירות זמן שווה להעתק התנועה. לא די בזה כדי למצוא את גובה הבניין, לכן חשוב לערוך תרשים ממנו קל לכתוב ביטוי המתאר את גובה הבניין .
4. בכל גרף חשוב " לראות " את התנועה בגרף, במקרה זה הגוף עולה ויורד , חלק מהזמן המהירות בגרף שלילית וחלק מהזמן היא חיובית.
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يجب عليك استخدام دالة الموقع كدالة للزمن الخاصة بالكرة A ، ودالة الموقع كدالة للزمن الخاصة بالكرة B. لإيجاد البعد بين الكرات في اللحظة t=2s.
גודל המהירות ההתחלתית של כדור B נתון בגרף, לכדור A יש מהירות זהה בגודלה ,אך שונה בסימונה.
تُرمى الكرة A في اتجاه المحور وتُرمى الكرة B في اتجاه المحور ، وبالتالي فإن السرعة الابتدائية للكرة A تساوي V0 ، وتبلغ سرعة الكرة B هي VO-
نكتب دالة الموقع كدالة للزمن لكل من الكرتين:
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نُعرّف دالة جديدة
, التي تصف البعد بين الكرتين في كدالة للزمن:
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نجد بمساعدة هذه الدالة البعد بين الكرات في اللحظة t=2s:
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طريقة إضافية: يمكنك إيجاد موقع كل من الكرتين في اللحظة t = 2s ، وطرح الموقعين لإيجاد البعد بين الكرتين:
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נכתוב את פונקציית המקום זמן לכל כדור, נתייחס לערך V0 כאל ערך חיובי.
מהירות זריקת כדור A היא V0 , ומהירות זריקת כדור B היא V0-:
דרך א: נגדיר בעזרת פונקציות המקום זמן של הכדורים פונקציה חדשה
, המתארת את המרחק בין כדור A לכדור B:
דרך ב: ניתן למצוא את מיקום כל כדור כעבור שתי שניות מרגע תחילת תנועתו, ולהחסיר בין המיקומים.
المقدار V0 موجب ، في وصف سرعة رمي الكرة B تضاف إشارة ناقص.
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1. ميل الرسم البياني للسرعة كدالة للزمن، يساوي التسارع.
في هذه الحالة ، تتحرك الأجسام الثلاثة تحت تأثير الجاذبية فقط ، وبالتالي فإن تسارعها متساوية ومقدارها g.
2. نقطة التقاطع مع محور السرعة تمثل السرعة الابتدائية ، وهي في هذه الحالة سرعة الرمي.
كل كرة لها سرعة ابتدائية مختلفة.
3. المساحة المحصورة تحت الرسم البياني للسرعة كدالة للزمن هي الازاحة.
إذا تطرقنا إلى الازاحة الكلية للكرة B ، فإن الكرات الثلاث لها نفس الازاحة. هذه الازاحة المتساوية تساوي ارتفاع المبنى.
الميل في الرسم البياني للسرعة كدالة للزمن يعني التسارع. ومعنى المساحة المحصورة في هذا الرسم البياني هو الازاحة. السرعة الإبتدائية تساوي سرعة الرمي ، هذه السرعة هي نقطة تقاطع الدالة مع محور السرعة.
1. في الرسم البياني للسرعة كدالة للزمن، فإن ميل الرسم البياني يساوي التسارع.
في هذه الحالة ، تتحرك الأجسام الثلاثة تحت تأثير الجاذبية فقط ، وبالتالي فإن تسارعها هو نفسه ومقدارها g.
2. معنى نقطة التقاطع مع محور السرعة هي السرعة الابتدائية ، وهي في هذه الحالة سرعة الرمي. كل كرة لها سرعة ابتدائية مختلفة.
3. معنى المساحة المحصورة في الرسم البياني للسرعة كدالة للزمن هي الازاحة.
إذا أشرنا إلى الازاحة الكلية للكرة B ، فإن الكرات الثلاث لها ازاحة متساوية. هذه الازاحة المتساوية تساوي ارتفاع المبنى.
1. جميع الأجسام المتحركة تحت تأثير قوة الجاذبية وحدها تتحرك بتسارع ثابت نحو الأسفل مقداره 9.8 m/s2.
2. المسافة التي قطعتها الكرة A تختلف عن المسافة التي قطعتها الكرتان B و C. لكن الثلاثة قطعوا نفس الازاحة. عند حساب ازاحة حركة الكرة B من الرسم البياني ، يجب طرح مقدار المساحة المحصورة أعلى الرسم البياني من المساحة المحصورة أسفل الرسم البياني.
2. הדרך שעבר כדור A שונה מהדרך שעברו כדורים B ו- C. אבל לשלושתם העתיקם זהים. בחישוב העתק התנועה של כדור B מהגרף יש להחסיר את גודל השטח שמעל הגרף בשטח שמתחת לגרף .
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تصيب الكرة A بطح الأرض بسرعة أكبر من سرعة إصابة الكرة B الأرض.
قوة الاحتكاك هي القوة التي تعيق الحركة ، لكن مسار حركة الكرات مختلف ، وبالتالي فإن تأثير القوة مختلف.
بدون قوة الاحتكاك ، فإن سرعة الكرة Bعند عودتها إلى نقطة الرمي ستكون مساوية لسرعة الرمي ، فمن السهل رؤية ذلك من خلال التعبير عن مربع السرعات.
عندما تكون هناك قوة احتكاك ، فإن سرعة الكرة B في لحظة عودتها إلى نقطة الرمي ستكون أقل من سرعة الرمي.
يمكن أن نفكر في حالة شبيهة إذا تم رمي كرتين من نفس الارتفاع لأسفل ، الكرة B بسرعة منخفضة والكرة A بسرعة عالية. لذلك ستصل الكرة A إلى الأرض بسرعة أكبر.
כאשר פועל כוח חיכוך מהירות כדור B ברגע שכדור B מגיע לנקודת הזריקה מהירותו תהיה קטנה יותר.
אפשר לחשוב על מקרה שקול שני שני כדורים הנזרקים מאותו גובה כלפי מטה, כדור B במהירות קטנה וכדור A במהירות גדולה. לכן כדור A יגיע במהירות גדולה יותר.
כאשר יש חיכוך כדור B חוזר לנקודת הזריקה במהירות קטנה יותר ממהירות הזריקה כלפי מעלה.
לכן המקרה דומה לשני כדורים זהים שנזרקו מאותו גובה כלפי מטה, כדור A נזרק במהירות גדולה וכדור B במהירות קטנה, לכן לכדור B תהיה מהירות קטנה יותר ברגע הפגיעה בקרקע.
بعد فهم مبادئ الديناميكا ومعرفة قوة الاحتكاك ، يصبح حل هذا السؤال بشكل أسهل بكثير.
من الممكن أيضًا بمساعدة اعتبارات الطاقة ، على أي حال ، هذا سؤال منطقي للطالب الذي يعرف فقط مبادئ الكينماتيكا.
אפשר גם בעזרת שיקולי אנרגיה , בכל מקרה זאת שאלה היגיון לתלמיד שמכיר רק את עקרונות הקינמטיקה.
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