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حساب متوسط السرعة خلال فترة زمنية قصيرة يساوي تقريبًا السرعة اللحظية في منتصف هذه الفترة الحركية. حتى لو لم يتحرك الجسم بتسارع ثابت.
نتطرق إلى الحركة بين اللحظة t = 0.04s واللحظة t = 0.08s ، متوسط السرعة في هذه الحركة يساوي تقريبًا السرعة اللحظية في منتصف الفترة الزمنية هذه أي في اللحظة t = 0.06s.
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1. إذا كان الجسم يتحرك بتسارع ثابت ، فإن متوسط السرعة يساوي بالضبط السرعة في منتصف الفترة الزمنية.
2. إذا كان الجسم يتحرك بسرعة متغيرة ولكن الفترة الزمنية للحركة قصيرة جدًا ، فإن متوسط السرعة يساوي تقريبًا السرعة في منتصف هذه الفترة.
3. إذا لم يتحرك الجسم بتسارع ثابت، وتم حساب متوسط سرعته خلال فترة زمنية طويلة، فلا علاقة بين متوسط سرعة الجسم في هذه الفترة الزمنية وسرعته في منتصف الفترة.
في هذه الحالة يمكنك إيجاد متوسط السرعة في حركة تستغرق 0.04 ثانية ، هذه المرة تعتبر وقتًا صغيرًا ، وبالتالي فإن متوسط السرعة في هذه الحالة يساوي السرعة في وسط الفترة الزمنية حتى عندما يكون التسارع غير ثابت
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يجب حساب متوسط السرعة في المقطع لحظة قبل ولحظة بعد اللحظة المطلوبة بحيث تكون السرعة اللحظية المطلوبة مساوية لمتوسط السرعة في هذا المقطع .
نجد السرعة اللحظية عن طريق حساب متوسط سرعة مقاطع الحركة، فالسرعة في منتصف كل من هذه المقاطع، هي السرعة اللحظية المطلوبة:
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على الرغم من أنه مكتوب في السؤال: "لست مطالبًا في هذا القسم بتفصيل الحسابات" لأنه لا يمكن إيجاد السرعات اللحظية بدون حساب ، يجب إجراء حسابات مفصلة وصحيحة بالكامل ، لكن لست ملزمًا بتفصيل طريقة الحل لأن طريقة الحل عُرِضَت في القسم السابق.
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نتائج الحسابات:
الرسم البياني للسرعة كدالة للزمن:
גרף המהירות בתלות בזמן:
גרף מהירות בתלות בזמן:
يجب أن نُشير إلى قيم السرعات اللحظية التي وجدناها في الأقسام السابقة في الرسم البياني للسرعة كدالة للزمن. ونقوم بتمرير أفضل خط مستقيم بينها (خط الإتجاه). من المهم تخطيط قيم في المحاور (تقسيم المحور بمقياس رسم مناسب)، يجب تحديد القيمة القصوى في كل محور ، ويجب أن تبدأ القيم من الصفر وتزيد بصورة ثابتة.
نصف معطيات الحركة في الرسم البياني للسرعة كدالة للزمن.
أقصى قيمة للسرعة هي 0.9 متر في الثانية ، وأقصى قيمة للزمن هو 0.1 ثانية.
نحدد قيمة التدريج (שנתות) في محور الزمن في قفزات 0.02 ثانية ، وقيمة التدريج في محور السرعة في قفزات 0.1 متر في الثانية
قيم السرعات وقيم الأزمنة على التوالي:
الرسم البياني للسرعة كدالة للزمن:
ערך המהירות המקסימאלית 0.9 מטר לשנייה , וערך הזמן המקסימאלי הוא 0.1 שניות.
נקבע את ערך השנתות בציר הזמן בקפיצות של 0.02 שניות , ואת ערך השנתות בציר המהירות בקפיצות של 0.1 מטר לשנייה
ערכי המהירויות וערכי הזמנים בהתאמה:
גרף המהירות בתלות בזמן:
في هذا الرسم البياني ، تزداد السرعة بمعدل ثابت تمامًا، عادةً في الأسئلة التي تتناول نتائج القياس، فإن الزيادة في السرعة ليست ثابتة حتى عندما يتحرك الجسم بتسارع ثابت ، بسبب أخطاء القياس.
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نعم ، التسارع ثابت.
في الرسم البياني للسرعة كدالة للزمن، يمثِّل ميل الرسم البياني التسارع.
في الرسم البياني للسرعة كدالة للزمن، فإن معنى الميل هو التسارع. بما أن الميل في الرسم البياني ثابت ، فيمكن القول إن الجسم يتحرك بتسارع ثابت. يمكنك أيضًا أن تقول: نظرًا لأن معدل تغير السرعة ثابت ، تتحرك السيارة بتسارع ثابت. مقدار تسارع السيارة مساوٍ لميل الرسم البياني للسرعة كدالة للزمن، نحسب الميل 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في الوصف البياني، من المهم الإشارة إلى أسماء المحاور ووحداتها ، في رسم بياني خطي مثل هذا ، يجب استخدام المسطرة.
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الرسم البياني الصحيح هو الرسم البياني رقم 2.
هناك علاقة بين شكل المسار الذي تتحرك فيه السيارة ومقدار التسارع ، فعندما يكون المسار رأسيًا وأملسًا، تتحرك السيارة بتسارع الجاذبية ، وعندما يكون المسار أملسًا وأفقيًا تمامًا، فإن السيارة تتحرك بسرعة ثابتة. هنا تزداد سرعة العربة حتى تتحرك على سطح أفقي.
تتحرك السيارة من حالة السكون ، وتزداد سرعتها. في البداية ، يكون المسار عموديًا ، يكون تسارع السيارة هو الحد الأقصى ، وفي نهاية الحركة عندما يكون المسار أفقيًا لا تتغير سرعة السيارة ، ويكون تسارعها صفرًا. يمكنك القول أن السيارة تتحرك بتسارع متناقص. بسرعة متزايدة.
גרף 3 הוא הגרף היחיד שמתאים , מכיוון שהשיפוע הולך וקטן , המהירות בהתחלה היא אפס. והמהירות שואפת לערך קבוע.
هناك علاقة بين ميل السكة وتسارع الجسم المتحرك لأسفل القضيب ، بحيث يمكن حساب تسارع الجسم بدقة لزاوية معينة. يُطلق على هذا الموضوع اسم المستوى المائل ويتم تضمينه في المنهاج الدراسي في الديناميكا.
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