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המכונית נעה התאוצה קבועה , יש לכתוב את נתוני התנועה ולהשתמש בפונקציות המתאימות לתנועה בתאוצה קבועה.
המכונית נעה בתאוצה קבועה, נתייחס לתנועת המכונית מרגע תחילת הבלימה ועד שהיא נעצרה.נכתוב את נתוני תנועת המכונית:
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מכיוון שנדרש לפתח ביטוי עם ריבוע המהירות ההתחלתית , נשתמש בביטוי ריבוע המהירויות:
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נציב את נתוני התנועה ונבטא את ריבוע המהירות ההתחלתית בתלות במרחק הבלימה.
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ערך הצד השמאלי של המשוואה הוא חיובי עבור כל מהירות התחלתית בגלל שהמהירות ההתחלתית היא בריבוע.
אם כיוון ציר התנועה הוא בכיוון התנועה - התאוצה שלילית , ההעתק חיובי .לכן גם סימן הצד השמאלי של המשוואה חיובי.
אם כיוון ציר התנועה הוא נגדי לכיוון התנועה - התאוצה חיובית, ההעתק שלילי. וגם במקרה זה סימן הצד השמאלי יהיה חיובי.
כיוון הציר קובע את הסימן של ערך התאוצה , ושל ערך ההעתק , הוא לא קובע את הביטוי . הביטוי הפיזיקלי מתאים לכל ציר.
אם כיוון ציר התנועה הוא בכיוון התנועה - התאוצה שלילית , ההעתק חיובי .לכן גם סימן הצד השמאלי של המשוואה חיובי.
אם כיוון ציר התנועה הוא נגדי לכיוון התנועה - התאוצה חיובית, ההעתק שלילי. וגם במקרה זה סימן הצד השמאלי יהיה חיובי.
כיוון הציר קובע את הסימן של ערך התאוצה , ושל ערך ההעתק , הוא לא קובע את הביטוי . הביטוי הפיזיקלי מתאים לכל ציר.
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יגדל פי 4.
יש לבטא את מרחק הבלימה בתלות במהירות VO , ובהתאם לביטוי לדעת כיצד משתנה מרחק הבלימה כאשר המהירות ההתחלתית גדלה פי 2.
נבטא מהביטוי שקבלנו בסעיף הקודם את מרחק הבלימה בתלות במהירות המכונית ברגע הבלימה.
מביטוי זה ניתן לראות שכאשר המהירות ההתחלתית גדלה פי 2 , מרחק הבלימה גדל פי 4.
נסמן את מרחק הבלימה ההתחלתי ב L0 , ואת מרחק הבלימה הסופי ב 'L.
לכן אם מהירות המכונית ברגע הבלימה תגדל פי 2 , מרחק הבלימה יגדל פי 4.
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מביטוי זה ניתן לראות שכאשר המהירות ההתחלתית גדלה פי 2 , מרחק הבלימה גדל פי 4.
נסמן את מרחק הבלימה ההתחלתי ב L0 , ואת מרחק הבלימה הסופי ב 'L.
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לכן אם מהירות המכונית ברגע הבלימה תגדל פי 2 , מרחק הבלימה יגדל פי 4.
1. כדי לדעת כיצד תלוי גודל פיזיקלי A בגודל פיזיקלי B , יש לפתח ביטוי המתאר מתמטית את A בתלות ב B . לא תמיד הקשר המתקבל הוא צפוי וטריוויאלי .
2. במידה והתלות איננה פשוטה , מומלץ לבחון את התלות בעזרת הצבת ערכים .
2. במידה והתלות איננה פשוטה , מומלץ לבחון את התלות בעזרת הצבת ערכים .
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מרחק הבלימה יקטן פי 1.5
מביטוי מרחק הבלימה בתאוצה, ניתן לדעת כיצד תלוי מרחק הבלימה בתאוצה.
מצאנו את ביטוי מרחק הבלימה :
מביטוי זה ניתן לראות שמרחק הבלימה תלוי ביחס הפוך בתאוצת המכונית, לכן כאשר התאוצה גדלה פי 1.5 מרחק הבלימה קטן פי 1.5
השאלה מכילה נתונים שלא רלוונטיים לעקרונות הפיזיקליים: לקראת החורף הוחלפו צמיגי המכונית... כדי שהמערכת למניעת החלקה... מה שחשוב זה שהתאוצה גדלה פי 1.5 . זה סגנון שאלות הבגרות חשוב לקרוא בסבלנות את כל השאלה ולדלות את הנתונים הפיזיקליים החשובים.
2. כתוב כתוב שהתאוצה גדלה פי 1.5 הכוונה לערך המוחלט של התאוצה.